健康饮食如何组成?
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">随着人们经济条件的好转<SPAN lang=EN-US>,“</SPAN>少吃饭<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>多吃肉<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>已逐步成为中国人的饮食习惯。如今<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>城里人的饭量很小<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>大多数男性一天摄入的粮食为五六两<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>女性为三四两<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>甚至只有二三两。而且<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>饭量减少的趋势还在延续。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></v:path><o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></o:lock></v:shapetype>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">少吃饭<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>多补充蛋白质不可取</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 长期以来<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>不少人在膳食结构上存在一种误区<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>饭多吃要发胖<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>蛋白质多吃有利健康。从总体上说<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>城里人膳食中的优质蛋白已经够量了<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>但不少人还是热衷补充大豆蛋白等营养品。殊不知<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>摄入过多的蛋白质反而会加重肾脏负担。而且<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>在他们摄入的蛋白质中<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>猪肉摄入量占蛋白质总量的<SPAN lang=EN-US>64%</SPAN>。猪肉的脂肪含量是牛肉的<SPAN lang=EN-US>2.8</SPAN>倍<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>鸡肉的<SPAN lang=EN-US>2.2</SPAN>倍<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>但不饱和脂肪酸却显著低于鸡、鸭、兔肉。因此<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>城市居民的脂肪热能不断增加<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>已超过世界卫生组织建议的占热能食物总比重<SPAN lang=EN-US>30%</SPAN>的限制。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 饭量一减再减<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>猪肉越吃越多<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>对健康而言<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>不是加法<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>而是减法。高血压监测资料显示<SPAN lang=EN-US>,35</SPAN>岁以上人群高血压患病率已逾<SPAN lang=EN-US>15%,</SPAN>并呈加速增长态势<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>而<SPAN lang=EN-US>1959</SPAN>年只有<SPAN lang=EN-US>6.96%</SPAN>。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">减肥易引发疾病</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 曾经风行一时<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>至今仍然广为流行的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>高蛋白、低碳水化合物减肥法<SPAN lang=EN-US>”,</SPAN>过去曾被医学界警告。最近<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>英国的食物标准局又发表声明<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>完全不吃碳水化合物<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>对身体有害无益。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 这种低碳水化合物饮食减肥法<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>俗称食肉减肥法<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>主张不要摄取米饭、面食等含淀粉量高的食物。与此同时<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>增加摄取高蛋白食物<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>以达到快速减肥的效果。此法特别受英国人欢迎。据说<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>有<SPAN lang=EN-US>300</SPAN>万名英国人曾经采用低碳水化合物饮食法减肥。英国食物标准局明确指出<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>低碳水化合物饮食者所摄取的食物脂肪通常偏高<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>容易增加心脏病、糖尿病以及癌症的危险几率。他们建议<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>若要身体健康<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>最好保持均衡的饮食<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>不应该省略任何一类食物。碳水化合物是均衡饮食中一个重要的部分<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>缺乏碳水化合物的饮食不能算是均衡的健康饮食。该局还建议<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>淀粉类食物量应占食物摄入总量的<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN>。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">科学饮食应结构均衡、营养平衡</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 专家认为<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>科学饮食应结构均衡、营养平衡<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>其蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的比例要合理。碳水化合物提供的能量应占每天能量消耗的<SPAN lang=EN-US>60%</SPAN>左右<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>脂肪占<SPAN lang=EN-US>25%</SPAN>左右<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>蛋白质占<SPAN lang=EN-US>15%</SPAN>左右。由此可见<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>碳水化合物在其中所占的比例是最大的。人们每顿都应补充粮谷类食物<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>早<SPAN lang=EN-US>30%,</SPAN>晚<SPAN lang=EN-US>30%,</SPAN>中午可以多补充一点<SPAN lang=EN-US>,40%</SPAN>左右。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">谷物是最适合的营养餐</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 中国老百姓一直以谷类食物为主要的营养来源<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>但随着人们口味的变化及应对快节奏生活的需要<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>谷类食物被人们忽视了。其实<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>谷物是最适合现代家庭中各年龄人群的理想营养餐。谷物含有丰富的碳水化合物、蛋白质及<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>族维生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>同时也提供一定量的无机盐。谷物中脂肪含量低<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>约为<SPAN lang=EN-US>2%</SPAN>。不同的谷物分别有各自不同的营养特点<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>相对于其他碳水化合物<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>谷物含有低脂肪、低胆固醇、能量持久释放等特点。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">健康饮食如何组成</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 营养学家虽没有规定一个人应该吃多少碳水化合物<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>但提出碳水化合物的产热量一般占总热量的<SPAN lang=EN-US>60%</SPAN>左右为宜。这也就是说<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>一个人需要摄入多少碳水化合物<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>和他的总热量有关。老人由于消化吸收功能减弱<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>摄入应少一些<SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN>青少年正在生长发育阶段<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>摄入应多一些。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 健康饮食应为<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>粮食足量<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>男性每天应摄入碳水化合物<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="400" UnitName="克"><SPAN lang=EN-US>400</SPAN>克</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>女性<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="300" UnitName="克"><SPAN lang=EN-US>300</SPAN>克</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>其中应适当增加薯类粮食的比重。借鉴世界营养学家广泛推荐的地中海膳食结构<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>土豆为主的薯类食物每天应摄入<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="170" UnitName="克"><SPAN lang=EN-US>170</SPAN>克</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>蔬菜、水果日摄入<SPAN lang=EN-US>300~<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="400" UnitName="克">400<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>克</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv>,</SPAN>奶类每天保证摄入<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="200" UnitName="克"><SPAN lang=EN-US>200</SPAN>克</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>多吃鸡、鸭、鹅、兔和鱼肉<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>少吃猪肉。 <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 130%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 健康人群<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>一天的碳水化合物的摄入不能少于<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="150" UnitName="克"><SPAN lang=EN-US>150</SPAN>克</st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US>(3</SPAN>两<SPAN lang=EN-US>),</SPAN>更不能一点碳水化合物都不吃<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>在没有碳水化合物摄人的情况下<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>机体将以大量的氧化脂肪产热。脂肪代谢产物酮体可能会在体内积累<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>造成酮中毒</SPAN></P>
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