企业信息化带来的三种变化
<FONT face=宋体>信息化究竟带来了哪些改变？我认为有以下三种变化：第一种是替代性变化，举例来说，汽车发明之后便取代了马车作为人们的交通工具，它反映在经济</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">GDP</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>上的效应是</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>到</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>倍的增长；第二种是升级式改变，依然以汽车为例，伴随着高速公路的修建，高性能的汽车出来了，从每小时</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">30</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>公里的马车到每小时</FONT></SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="250" UnitName="公里"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">250</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>公里</FONT></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>的跑车，这种升级式的改变给经济</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">GDP</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>往往带来</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">10</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>倍以上的增长；第三种改变是结构性变化，以美国为例，一般员工都是在城里上班，住在郊区，这样就诞生了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>郊区经济</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">”</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>，在进入到郊区经济的过程中，经济就发生了结构性的变化，它在</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">GDP</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>上的反映是促成了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">100</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">倍以上的增长。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体> 在信息化过程中，也演绎着类似的变化。在从传统商业模式向</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">e</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">商业模式的发展过程中，企业的生态环境随着信息化的实施也发生了结构性的变化。尽管国内的人力与土地的成本比较低，但是我们依然会发现有些国外的产品会比国内同类产品价格低，这是因为国内企业的信息化程度与国外相比处于劣势，所以国外的产品价格才会比较低。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体> 有些人对信息化持有怀疑态度，造成这种思想的很大原因是前几年热起来又冷下去的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">.COM</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>。我的看法是任何一个科技产品或理念在寻找自身商业定位的时候，一定会创造泡沫。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">100</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年前，福特生产出了第一辆汽车，在以后的一段时间内仅美国就拥有了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">100</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>多家汽车公司，结果今天美国只剩下三家大的汽车公司，其它近</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">100</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>家汽车公司都化作泡沫飞散了。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">.COM</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>也是如此，今天能够存活下来的仅仅只有雅虎等少数几家网站，而其他的网站已经或者将很快如秋风扫落叶一般消逝。那么</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">.COM</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>跑到哪儿去了呢？已经被内化到传统企业内部去了，成为企业信息化的一个重要组成部分，而我们以前听说过的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B2B</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>和</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="2" UnitName="C">2C</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">等外在的商业模式都已经深深渗透到企业内部去了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体> 这就意味着除了用设备的更新换代来提升企业的信息化水平以外，提升企业竞争力的一个更重要的因素就是企业是否实现了</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ERP</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>。</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Gartner Group</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>定义的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ERP(</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>企业资源计划</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">)</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>，来自于上个世纪</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">70</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年代的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MRP(</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>材料需求过程</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">)</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>和</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">80</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年代的</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MRP</SPAN><FONT face=宋体>Ⅱ</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>制造业需求计划</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">)</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>。它提供了一种审视商业的新方式，并且完成了对信息技术的重新利用。与</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MRP</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>和</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">MRP</SPAN><FONT face=宋体>Ⅱ<SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">相比，</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ERP</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">具有更大的意义，它使管理的范围和效能都得到了很大的扩展。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体> 另一方面，</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ERP</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>重新优化了企业的管理水平，使得它不仅仅停留在单一的部门层次上。同时，</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ERP</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">还能够使企业站在全球视野上，去重新进行组织结构的架构和开展企业的商业活动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体> 用友认为有三个基础的商业驱动因素在信息化的大潮中是会变的：如何不断拓展企业自身的市场、如何保有现在的客户和改善自己的生产力。这些因素在过去</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">60</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年内驱动着商业的不断发展，而在今后</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">60</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"><FONT face=宋体>年，这些因素会发挥着同样的作用。而</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">ERP</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">则是深化这些基础商业驱动因素的重要工具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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