老年人慎用药物有哪些
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．肾上腺素、胰岛素、麻黄碱、阿托品，颠茄。老年人对这些药物比较敏感，使用时应酌情减量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．洋地黄类药物。由于老年人对药物的排泄慢，易造成药物在体内的蓄积中毒，洋地黄类药物，老年人的用量应为青壮年剂量的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">／</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．保泰、吲哚美辛、阿司匹林。老年人易患慢性腰背及四肢关节疼痛，长期服用此类药物时，保泰松可引起浮肿和再生障碍性贫血。吼跺美辛可引起眩晕。精神障碍。胃肠出血、胃溃疡等。阿司匹林等解热止痛药可使老人大量出汗而虚脱。以上药物老人应避免使用或少用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．苯巴比妥、甲喹酮、甲丙氨酯。失眠是老年人常见的症状，偶尔服一些安眠药是可以的，如果长期服用就会形成依赖性，用量必须逐渐增加才能有效。久服停药后，会出现头晕、恶心、肌肉跳动或失眠加重。这些药都有毒性，会给心、肝、肾带来损害。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．酚酞、大黄、老年人便秘多因身体过胖、腹部肌肉无力、肠蠕动减弱所致，属于功能性硬秘。长期服用导泻药不仅能引起结肠痉挛，还可造成体内钙和维生素的缺乏，因此要慎用。实在需要导泻时，使用开塞露比较安全。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">．青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素、合霉素、抗生素对治疗细菌感染性疾病虽有显著疗效，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">‘</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">但抗生素也有许多副作用。如青霉素容易引起过敏反应，轻者出现全身皮疹，重者可因过敏性休克导致死亡，因此在使用前必须做皮试。链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉紊都是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">耳毒性抗生素</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">，可以损害第八对脑神经，使人听力减退、耳鸣和眩晕。氯霉素、合霉素可引起再生障碍性贫血。这些药物对老年人来说，使用必须慎重。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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