急诊抢救时如何人工呼吸
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">心跳与呼吸是息息相关的,当心脏性猝死或其他原因引起的猝死,心跳停止后,呼吸很快也随之停止。由于呼吸、心跳常常是同时停止,因此在现场抢救中,必须对恢复心跳和呼吸都采取措施。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 如果我们只做心脏挤压不做口对口吹气,那么血液循环虽可暂时维持,但流向身体各处的血液中并不含有氧气,组织细胞仍然得不到氧的供应;二氧化碳也无法被排出体外。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 口对口吹气的方法很简单,就是救护人员的嘴对着病人的嘴吹气。在进行人工呼吸前,必须迅速做好准备,清除其口中的呕吐物、分泌物,使呼吸道畅通。病人如有假牙也应取出,以免坠入气管。要松开衣领、裤带、紧裹的内衣、乳罩等,以免妨碍胸廓运动。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 病人取仰卧位。但仅仅平卧还不能使呼吸道畅通,因为此时颈部仍有一个正常的生理弯度,头部呈向颈部脊柱屈曲,空气通道在会厌部明显狭窄;而舌部变松弛,便向后坠,使空气通道的狭窄更为严重。为了使呼吸道通畅,所以要使其头部尽量后仰,救护人员一手放于病人的颈下,另一手放其前额,造成将头部尽量后仰的姿势。准备工作做好后,救护人深吸一口气,紧对着病人的嘴吹入,造成其吸气</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">另一手将其鼻孔捏住,以免气体由鼻孔漏出。然后,救护人的嘴离开,将捏鼻的手放松,并用一手压其胸廓,以助呼气。就这样,一口一口有规律地吹气,每分钟吹</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">12—15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">次。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 吹气力量的大小,要依病人的具体情况而定。如病人身强体胖,救护人吹气的力量要大;如是儿童,吹气要小。一般以吹入气后,病人的胸廓略有隆起为度。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 心脏挤压与口对口吹气应有节奏地进行,一般挤压</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">4—5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">次,做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">次吹气。如当时只有一人抢救,可先吹</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">口气,然后做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">次挤压。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> 应当注意的是在抢救过程中应随时注意观察患者的神志,呼吸和心跳的恢复。</SPAN></P>
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