橡胶垫块是由多层橡胶片硫化粘合而成一种普通橡胶支座产品,这种产品具有足够的竖向刚度,能够将支座上部构造的反力可靠的传递给墩台,支座具有良好的弹性,以应对桥梁的梁端的转动又有较大的剪切变形能力，以满足上部构造的水平位移。
The rubber pad is composed of multilayer rubber vulcanization bonding a common rubber bearing products, this product has enough vertical stiffness, can force reliable transfer to the pier upper bearing structure, bearing has good flexibility, rotating beam end in response to the bridge and a larger shear deformation capacity in order to meet, the horizontal displacement of superstructure.
橡胶垫块的布置
Arrangement of rubber pads
橡胶垫块的布置主要和桥梁的结构形式有关。通常在布置支座时需要考虑以下的基本原则:
The layout of the rubber pad is mainly related to the structure of the bridge. Usually, the following basic principles need to be considered when setting up a support:
1上部结构是空间结构时，橡胶垫块应能同时适应桥梁顺桥向X方向和横桥向Y方向的变形
1 when the superstructure is a spatial structure, the rubber pads should be adapted to the deformation of the bridge along the bridge X direction and across the bridge Y direction
2橡胶垫块必须能可靠的传递垂直和水平反力
2 rubber pads must be able to reliably transmit vertical and horizontal reactions
3橡胶垫块应使由于梁体变形所产生的纵向位移、横向位移和纵、恒向转角应尽可能不受约束
3 the longitudinal displacement, transverse displacement and longitudinal and constant rotation angle due to the deformation of the beam should be free of restraint as far as possible
4当桥梁位于平坡上，固定橡胶垫块宜设在主要行车方向的前端桥台上
4 when the bridge is located on the plain slope, the fixed rubber cushion block shall be located on the front abutment of the main driving direction
5橡胶垫块宜设置在具有较大垫块反力的地方
5 the rubber cushion block should be located in the place where the reaction force is greater
6在同一桥墩上的几个橡胶垫块应具有相近的转动刚度
6 several rubber pads on the same pier should have similar rotational rigidity
总之，桥梁橡胶垫块的布置原则是既要便于传递支座反力，又要使橡胶垫块能充分适应梁体的自由变形。
In a word, the layout principle of the bridge rubber cushion block is not only convenient to transfer the counterforce of the support, but also to make the rubber cushion block fully adapt to the free deformation of the beam.
橡胶垫块的安装
Installation of rubber pads
1在垫块安装之前应对支座的安装位置进行测量检验，支座安装平面应和支座的滑动平面或滚动平面平行，其平行度的偏差不宜超过2‰。
1 before installing the cushion block, the installation position of the support shall be measured and checked, and the mounting plane of the bearing shall be parallel to the sliding plane or the rolling plane of the support, and the deviation of its parallelism shall not exceed 2 per thousand.
2垫块安装前应对活动支座顶、底板的相对位置进行检查。
2 the relative position of the top and bottom of the movable support shall be checked before the cushion block is installed.
3垫块安装后，滚动和滑动平面应水平，其与理论平面的斜度不大于2‰。支座上、下板中心应对中，其偏差不大于2‰。
3 when the cushion block is installed, the rolling and sliding planes should be horizontal, and the slope of the plane and the theoretical plane is no more than 2 per thousand. The center of the upper plate and the lower plate shall be centered, and the deviation shall not be greater than 2 per thousand.
4为保证垫块安装平整，一般应在支座底面与职称垫石顶面之间，捣筑20~50mm厚的干硬性无收缩砂浆垫层。
4 in order to ensure the installation and leveling of cushion blocks, the 20~50mm hard dry shrinkage mortar cushion should be rammed between the bottom of the support and the top of the main stone cushion.
