神经衰弱的诊断标准
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">   </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">神经衰弱是一种功能障碍性病症,临床症状表现繁多,但要诊断本病,应具备以下五个特点:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    (1)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">神经衰弱患者有显著的衰弱或持久的疲劳症状。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如经常感到精力不足,萎靡不振,不能用脑,记忆力减退,脑力迟钝,学习工作中注意力不能集中,工作效率显著减退,即使是充分休息也不能消除疲劳感。对全身进行检查,又无躯体疾病如肝炎等,也无脑器质性病变。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    (2)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">表现以下症状中的任何两项:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">①</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">易兴奋又易疲劳。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">②</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">情绪波动大,遇事容易激动,烦躁易怒,担心和紧张不安。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">③</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">因情绪紧张引起紧张性头痛或肌肉疼痛。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">④</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">睡眠障碍。表现为入睡困难,易惊醒,多梦。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    (3)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">上述情况对学习、工作和社会交往造成不良影响。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    (4)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">病程在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个月以上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    (5)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">排除了其他神经症和精神病。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR>    </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此外,在诊断神经衰弱时,要注意与其他可能造成类似神经衰弱症候群的疾病相鉴别。如结核病、肝炎、风湿病、甲状腺机能亢进、糖尿病等慢性消耗性疾病常产生躯体和精神疲劳感,易误诊为神经衰弱;因职业关系的化学性职业中毒,也常以神经衰弱症状群为早期症状;还有头部的慢性炎症,如慢性鼻炎、慢性鼻窦炎、慢性咽炎等,也常出现神经衰弱的症候群。所以应全面了解病史,认真进行体格检查,结合必要的实验室检查,一般是可以鉴别的。</SPAN></P>
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