具備哪些條件才能診斷為神經衰弱?
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">神經衰弱的診斷標準有許多種類,世界衛生組織</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">(WHO)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">(ICD)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">診斷標準。西歐大多採用美國的診斷標準,即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">DSM</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">I</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">DSM</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">2</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">DSM</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">3</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">。我國</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">1983</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">年貴陽會議也確定了自己的診斷標準,另外各個地區亦各自有診斷標準。為了廣大醫務人員和病員瞭解該病的診斷,現將我國新近的診斷標準介紹如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    A</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">:至少具備下列四組症狀中的三項,方可診斷為神經衰弱。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    a</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">衰弱症狀:精神疲乏、腦力遲鈍、注意力難集中、記憶困難、工作學習不能持久。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    b</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">興奮症狀:工作學習、用腦均可引起興奮,回憶及聯想增多,自己控制不住,可對聲光敏感,並且語言增多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    c</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">情緒症狀:緊張、易激動、煩惱。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    d</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">心理症狀:緊張性疼痛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">頭痛、腰背或肢體痛</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">,睡眠障礙</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">如入睡困難、多夢、易醒、醒後乏力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">,植物神經功能障礙</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">如心悸、多汗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    B</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">:病程遷延至少</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">3</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">個月以上,病情常有波動。休息後減輕,工作學習緊張則加重。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    C</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">:如伴有焦慮情緒往往是短暫的、輕微的,在整個病程中不占主導地位。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-fareast-font-family: PMingLiU">    </SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-TW style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: PMingLiU; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW">另外,在診斷時還應注意與其他疾病的鑒別,應排除疲勞綜合征、應激綜合征、軀體疼痛、藥物中毒、抑鬱症、精神分裂症、心理障礙等類似疾病。</SPAN></P>
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